In case of citing a book that has been edited, write ed. The scope ofthe indigo book s coverage is roughly equivalent tothe bluebooks bluepagesthat is,the indigo bookcovers legal citation for u. The following information regarding the bluebook citation format is an adapted version of the style and formatting guidelines found in the bluebook, 20th ed. There are many permutations of citing to legal periodicals. A publication that establishes the correct form of case citations or of references to a legal authority showing where information can be found. Secondary sources bluebook basics libguides at university of. Reporter containing cases from the ca supreme court. The central function of a legal citation is to allow the reader to efficiently locate the cited source. Be sure to consult the bluebook for specifics in general, cite to the authors, title of the article in italics, volume number of the source, title of the source i. The bluepages provide easy and basic principles for common citations. Citation examples use nonacademic citation format i.
However, the basic format of a case citation is as follows. For more than two authors, editors or translators write the name of the author, editor. Secondary sources bluebook citation 101 practitioner format. Blue book legal definition of blue book legal dictionary. Blue booka publication that establishes the correct form of case citations or of references to a legal authority showing where information can be found.
For example, the proper citation for an amendment to the u. In law, a citation or introductory signal is a set of phrases or words used to clarify the authority or significance of a legal citation as it relates to a proposition. Encyclopedias first year legal research guide libguides at. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations libguides. If the work does not have an author, the citation would be the same except that the first item cited is the title. Internet citation bluebook citation 101 practitioner. The apa manual provides explicit directions for the citation of cases, statutes, and administrative materials, but defers to the latest edition of the bluebook. The bluebook style guide is used in the american legal profession for citation of all relevant sources. In documents submitted to kentucky courts, cite to ky. Rule 15 in the bluebook explains how to properly cite a book. American jurisprudence amjur is a secondary source a legal encyclopedia to be exact and. For help with other source types, like books, pdfs. A short primer on bluebook citation formats for federal and state cases and.
First, cite the author, separated by a comma from the title, which is cited second. Common bluebook citations for federal courts welcome. The number immediately following the title is the specific page number. Just select add annotation while finalizing your citation. Legal encyclopedias contain brief, broad summaries of legal topics, providing introductions to legal topics and explaining relevant terms of art. Legal writers use citation signals to tell readers how the citations support or do not support their. Do not end a citation clause with a period, unless it is the last clause in the sentence. Include a period at the end of the entire citation. Citing from other secondary sources legal citation research guide.
Manual, you may default to the bluebook citation style. A uniform system of citation, a style guide, prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the united states. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations. Claudia catalano, annotation, unlawful access under stored communications act, 18 u. The precise format of a case citation depends on a number of factors, including the jurisdiction, court, and type of case. The scope of the indigo book s coverage is roughly equivalent to the bluebooks bluepagesthat is, the indigo book covers legal citation for u. If referring to the book generally, do not cite the page number. It was most recently revised in october of 2019 to update the links to state rules and several other external resources.
Our citation guides provide detailed information about all types of sources in mla, apa, chicago and turabian styles. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon. Chapter 12 citation of kentucky legal materials kurt x. Title of the book italicized or underlined page, section, or paragraph cited. Citing cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown law. The basic elements when citing a legal dictionary include. Template author forename author surname, title publication title pages used year published.
Citations below are based on the twentieth 20 th edition of the bluebook. The bluepages section located at the start of the bluebook is a miniguide to court documents andor legal memoranda. A volume that explains the organization of a state government and provides the names of state officials. Reporter containing cases from ca supreme court and courts of appeal. Additionally, the chicago manual of style recommends its use for all citation of legal material. Bluepage rules are sometimes different but are always based upon the normal nonbluepage rules. Below depicts how to cite a case using the bluebook from the supreme court.
Secondary sources include books, articles, encyclopedias and other nonprimary sources. California specific legal encyclopedia that provides case citations and cross references to other resources. There are two main legal encyclopedias in the united states that are national in. So if you plan to commit your future to lawrelated fields, knowing how to cite in bluebook format is a must for you. How to cite the amendments in bluebook format legal beagle.
Always check for local court citation rules for court documents. While you generally will not cite to a legal encyclopedia, rule b15. A few common errors with book citations using bluebook style 1 incorrect formatting of the book authors name. Citations are to the 20th edition of the bluebook, a uniform system of citation rule 15. The bluebook requires citation to printed material provided it is available, unless there is an authenticated, official, or exact digital copy of the printed sources. How do i cite american jurisprudence in an apa paper. If required by your instructor, you can add annotations to your citations. It is used in citations to present authorities and indicate how those authorities relate to propositions in statements. Example ghost in the machine fails in its explanatory task and is logically incoherent, leading to such logical evil paul edwards, ryle, gilbert the encyclopedia of philosophy 7 ed. Common abbreviations legal citation research guides at. Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment. Bluebook citation for legal materials purdue writing lab. Citation clauses are set off from the text by commas and immediately follow the proposition to which they relate.
Like a sentence, all citations have a period denoting the end of the citation. A basic citation to a book includes the following six elements. Citing other resources bluebook guide georgetown law. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing.
To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator. Legal encyclopedias are secondary sources that provide a general. If both, then first write editors name and then translators name. Citation machine helps students and professionals properly credit the information that they use. Bluebook style is one of the less known systems of citations that is used majorly in the legal system to provide reference and citations for the literature and sources that are used in legal documents and that build the foundation for the current case. Cite to the volume, name of the source, article titlebroad topic this is not. Volume number for multivolume works authors full name as it appears on the title page. While you generally will not cite to an alr annotation, rule 16. As men of law rely upon a great number of various sources, legal citation also covers the usage of signals that present citations and explain. Rule 15 covers how to cite books, reports, and other nonperiodic materials, such as encyclopedias. Each different kind of secondary source has a slightly different set of rules for citation, which will be enumerated below.
For help with other source types, like books, pdfs, or websites, check out our other guides. The whitepages are the indepth rules of citation and style. Problems, cases, and materials 2006 when you are citing to a work that has been published by the same publisher more than once, you should cite the edition and the year it was published in. How to reference a encyclopedia article in bluebook law. Do not begin a citation clause with a capital letter unless the citation clause begins with a source that would otherwise be capitalized. A uniform system of citation and the association of legal writing directors alwd citation manual supreme court ky.
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